It deals with newborns with congenital problems requiring surgical correction. If any congenital anomaly is detected during pre-natal screening, Pediatric surgeon consultation is required. So that family can be given counseling regarding planning and to prepare for the operation that will be needed after birth.
Esophageal atresia is a congenital medical condition (birth defect) which affects the esophagous (food pipe). It causes the esophagus to end in a blind-ended pouch rather than connecting normally to the stomach. It is characterized by a congenital obstruction of the esophagus with interruption of its continuity . Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) represents an abnormal opening between the trachea and esophagus…
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is defined as defect/ a hole in the diaphragm muscle (the muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen) . Diaphragm fails to close during prenatal development, and the contents from the abdomen (stomach, intestines and/or liver) migrate into the chest through this hole/ defect. Its incidence is 1 in every 2,500 live births….
Intestinal atresia is a term used to describe a complete blockage or obstruction of any part of the intestine. Stenosis refers to a partial obstruction that results in a narrowing of the opening (lumen) of the intestine. It may involve any part of gastrointestinal tract, but broadly it involves- duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Most atresias occur in distal ileum (36%),…
An imperforate anus or anorectal malformations (ARMs) are birth defects involving anus and rectum. It includes spectrum of anamolies, viz: Imperforate anus: The absence of an anal opening. The anus opening in the wrong place. Recto-vescical fistula: A connection, or fistula, between the intestine and urinary system…
Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly. The children are born with abnormal position of gut as a result of incomplete or non rotation of gut during embryogenesis.This can predispose to midgut volvulus(strangulation of malrotated gut) and internal hernias, and can result in life-threatening complications. Although some individuals live their entire life with malrotated bowel without symptoms…
Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the stomach outlet also called pylorus. This usually occurs in infants (2-8 wks) and hence also called Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. No definitive causative factors have been identified. Both genetic and enviromental factors seems to play the role. There is clear male preponderance with…
